Gophers damage trees by feeding on their root systems and bark, causing girdling that disrupts water and nutrient flow. They also chew through irrigation lines, leading to costly repairs. Reproducing 1-2 times per year, they are most active in mid-spring, making late fall to early spring the best time to treat. The most effective treatment is aluminum phosphide when the ground is moist, which works year-round in irrigated crops.

Voles usually cause fewer issues than squirrels or gophers, but their population can grow rapidly and lead to problems, such as girdling. They produce 5 to 10 litters per year, making late winter or early spring the best time for treatment. The most effective control method is using aluminum phosphide when the ground is moist, or gas cartridges when it is dry.

Ground squirrels damage crops by feeding on nuts, fruits, and plants, and chew on irrigation lines, causing costly repairs. Nuts falling into their burrows result in lost money, while burrows contribute to soil erosion and divert water away from plants. They reproduce once a year in spring, so late winter to early spring is the best time to treat them. Aluminum phosphide works best when the ground is moist, while gas cartridges and baits are effective when the soil is dry.

Moles primarily cause problems for crops by damaging their root systems due to their underground burrowing activity. They produce a single litter in late spring, with early spring being the most effective time to treat, before the reproduction surge. The best way to treat moles is by using aluminum phosphide when the ground is moist. However, when the ground is drier, gas cartridges serve as a good alternative to control the ongoing mole population.